The central Andean highlands of Peru and Bolivia is one of only a few regions of the world where native plants and animals were independently…
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Germplasm banks (ex situ conservation in case of recalcitrant seeds) play an essential role to protect and maintain the genetic diversity of any crop and…
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Above about four kilometers up in the atmosphere, clouds begin to contain both liquid droplets and ice crystals. Because two phases of water coexist, a…
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Mangrove forests are found at the interface between oceans and land in tropical and subtropical coasts. Under-appreciated and severely degraded for centuries, these coastal ecosystems…
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Coal mining is an economic activity. However, mining degrades the soil and water quality and adversely affects the ecology of surrounding area. The reclamation and…
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Earthquakes cause many deaths and injuries worldwide. For example, the 2015 Nepal earthquake is thought to have killed nearly 9,000 people. This event was only…
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Imagine animals without an ossified braincase. Animals in which the brain is encapsulated by soft cartilage instead of hard bone. These animals did exist, and…
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With increased globalization, our world has seen unprecedented levels of connectivity resulting in human-caused spread and introduction of organisms. This rapid dispersal of species at…
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One of the principles of behavioral ecology is that resources are limited, and thus, allocation decisions have to be made to make ends meet. For…
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Exquisitely well-preserved feathered dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of north-eastern China have considerably helped paleontologists to better understand how birds evolved from…
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Records of Modern birds (Neornithes) from the Age of Dinosaurs or Mesozoic Era, are very scarce and patchy. Most specimens are represented by isolated bones…
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