Vocal communication between individuals is vital to navigating social situations. Often when we think about vocal communication, we think about speech in humans or song in birds which is used to convey information from one individual to another. However, recently rodents have emerged as an exciting new mammalian experimental model of vocal communication. While rodents
Nanotechnology is a rapidly-growing technology in our time. Nanoparticles are very small objects with a diameter ranging from 1 to 100 nm, where 1 nm is equal to one-billionth of a meter (10-9 m). In comparison, nanoparticle size can range between that of simple molecules and complex viruses. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) provide antimicrobial benefits and
Understanding the sensitivity of glaciers to changes in climate provides insight into the climatic drivers of past glaciations and helps us predict how glaciers and ice sheets may respond to future warming. The South American Andes are ~7000 km long, and the full length of the range is glaciated, or has been glaciated as recently
In the past decades, hospital admissions for acute brain injury have continued to rise. For instance, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are just two subtypes of acute brain injury that have increased in annual incidence without a decrease in mortality. ICH is a type of stroke in which blood accumulates in the
Since the first FDA approval of an immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in 2011, immunotherapy has increasingly become a standard-of-care treatment for cancer. ICB can work exceedingly well in a subset of patients, but disparities in response rates exist, particularly between tumor types (1). The other major factor predicting response to ICB is the extent
Biomolecules adsorption at metal surfaces often creates a 2D ordering of the adlayers. The adsorption process can induce in some rare cases the reconstruction of the metal substrate. This phenomenon is less commonly observed, unless upon annealing of the molecule/surface system. In this study, we reported on the drastic room temperature reconstruction of the Au
It is estimated that 322 million people worldwide suffer from major depression every year. Depression is a serious mental health condition that can have debilitating effects on the individual and is a leading cause of disability. Understanding how this condition develops and identifying risk factors are key to developing strategies that work to prevent depression.
The increasing incidence of morbid obesity suggests that the quantity of bariatric surgical procedures will continue to increase each year, as many patients who have experienced massive weight loss are left with functional and esthetic consequences as a result of residual, loose skin. However, new research published in the International Journal of Surgery, July 2018, suggests that
The publication of the complete human genome sequence in 2004 has marked the beginning of a new era. Since then, the famous Crick dogma that all genes generate active factors, known as proteins, through an intermediate known as mRNA, has led to the categorization of the mRNAs expressed in virtually all cells of the human
Most of the energy needed to sustain economic growth, since the industrial revolution, is derived from fossil sources: natural gas, coal, and oil. In utilizing these sources in industry, the first process and probably the most important is that of the so-called “reforming” of hydrocarbons. The process at which water in the form of steam