Accompanied by the rapid development of modern technology, more and more nanomaterial-bearing products are being invented: antibacterial phone shells, antifungal socks, carbon fiber-reinforced rackets, quantum dot displays, etc. These products tremendously improve the quality of our daily lives, but also raise a serious problem: nanomaterial pollution. Literally, nanomaterial refers to the material with a size of 1-1000 nanometers (10-9 – 10-6 meters) (Fig 1). In comparison, the size of a microbe normally ranges from 10-6 meters to 10-5 meters, and the size of a...